The Federal Court’s review focused on three primary issues:

1. Failure to Address Contradictory Evidence: The immigration officer did not adequately consider the evidence indicating that Ms. Penez had a genuine intention to leave Canada after her studies. In her motivation letter, Ms. Penez explicitly stated her intention to return to Turkey once her studies were completed. Additionally, she had a history of studying and working abroad, and had returned to Turkey after previous international experiences. The officer’s failure to mention or discuss this contradictory evidence was a key factor in the Court’s decision to intervene.

The Court emphasized that a decision-maker cannot simply ignore evidence that contradicts their conclusions, especially when such evidence is critical to the outcome of the case. In this instance, the officer’s failure to address Ms. Penez’s stated intention to return to Turkey, alongside her past compliance with similar visa conditions, was a significant oversight. The Court noted that the officer’s silence on this matter suggested that the decision was made without regard to the evidence, which rendered the officer’s conclusion unreasonable.

2. Unsupported Findings Regarding Future Prospects and Studies: The officer’s decision also relied on assertions that Ms. Penez’s proposed studies were not reasonable in light of her “level of establishment, other educational opportunities available, or her future prospects and plans.” However, the Court found no supporting evidence on the record to justify these claims. The officer’s conclusion about Ms. Penez’s future prospects was not based on any tangible facts or evidence; instead, it appeared to be a subjective judgment that lacked a clear foundation in the application.

The Court noted that immigration officers must base their decisions on the available evidence, rather than subjective assumptions or speculative inferences. In this case, the officer’s finding about Ms. Penez’s future prospects was unsupported by any concrete evidence, which further contributed to the unreasonableness of the decision.

3. Procedural Fairness: A critical aspect of the case was whether Ms. Penez had been afforded procedural fairness during the application process. Ms. Penez argued that she had been denied the opportunity to respond to concerns raised by the officer regarding her intentions to leave Canada and the reasoning behind the refusal.

The Court noted that while procedural fairness is a fundamental principle in administrative decision-making, the degree of fairness owed to applicants depends on the nature of the decision and the circumstances of the case. In the context of study permit applications, the duty of procedural fairness is generally less stringent than in other types of administrative decisions.

Ms. Penez argued that, had she been given the opportunity to address the officer’s concerns, she could have provided additional evidence demonstrating that the program she wished to study was well-suited to her education and work background, and aligned with her future plans. However, the Court found that the officer was not required to provide such an opportunity for clarification. It was ultimately Ms. Penez’s responsibility to provide sufficient documentation to support her application.

While the Court acknowledged that visa officers are not required to seek out additional information from applicants or conduct interviews, it also emphasized that applicants are entitled to a decision that falls within the range of reasonable outcomes. In this case, the Court found that the officer’s decision did not meet this standard, as it was based on unsubstantiated findings and failed to properly consider key evidence.